Categoria: Online

SALARI L., DI CANZIO E., 2009 – I chirotteri del Pleistocene superiore e Olocene antico di alcune grotte dell’Italia centro-meridionale, Bullettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 33, 3-25.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonardo-Salari/publication/318227810

Riassunto

Sono esposti i dati relativi ai resti di chirotteri recuperati da alcune grotte dell’Italia centro-meridionale interessate, negli ultimi30 anni, da scavi archeologici (Grotta dei Cocci in Umbria, Grotta Continenza e Grotta di Pozzo in Abruzzo, Grotta Barbara, Grotta Breuil e Grotta Mora di Cavorso nel Lazio, Grotta Santuario della Madonna in Calabria, Grotta delle Mura, Grotta Paglicci e Grotta Santa Maria di Agnano in Puglia). L’età dei siti copre un intervallo di tempo di circa 40.000 anni, compreso tra il Pleistocene superiore e l’Olocene antico. Di ogni specie riconosciuta sono esposte alcune note relative alla distribuzione ecologica attuale, alcune misure osteometriche ed una ricognizione delle presenze fossili riferite al Pleistocene superiore e all’Olocene antico segnalate nella regione paleartica occidentale, con particolare riguardo all’Italia.

Abstract

Bats of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene from some caves of Central and Southern Italy – In this paper we expose the data on the remains of bats recovered from some caves of Central and Southern Italy. In the last 30 years in these caves there were archaeological excavations: Grotta dei Cocci (Umbria), Grotta Continenza and Grotta di Pozzo (Abruzzo), Grotta Barbara, Grotta Breuil and Grotta Mora di Cavorso (Latium), Grotta Santuario della Madonna (Calabria), Grotta delle Mura, Grotta Paglicci and Grotta Santa Maria di Agnano (Apulia). The age of the sites covers a time interval of about 40,000 years, including between the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. For each species recognized some notes on the current ecological distribution, some osteometrical measures are exposed, and a reconnaissance attendance fossil referred to Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene reported in the Western Palaearctic, particularly with regard to Italy.

Borgia V., Ranaldo F., 2009 – Functional analysis of the aurignacian backed bladelets from Grotta Paglicci, Atti International Congress “ Integrated Methodological Approaches to the Study of Lithic Technology, Firenze 13-15 dicembre 2007, Human Evolution, 24(2), 121-130.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287762587_Functional_analysis_of_the_aurignacian_backed_bladelets_from_Grotta_Paglicci

Abstract

In this paper we expose the results of the analysis of the backed blades coming from layer 24, situated at the base of the paleolithic sequence of Paglicci cave. The study has been based on a twofold approach: on the one hand the analysis of the technological aspects at the base of the constructive conception of the blanks, in order to contextualize the blades in their productive system; on the other hand the low and high power microscope use-wear analysis, with the aim to characterize the existing relations between the procedures oriented to obtain specific lithic morphologies and their real use.

GIACCIO B., ISAIA R., FEDELE F.G., DI CANZIO E., HOFFECKER J., RONCHITELLI A., SINITSYN A., ANIKOVICH M., LISITSYN S.N., POPOV V.V., 2008 – The Campanian Ignimbrite and Codola tephra layers: two temporal/stratigraphic markers for the Early Upper Palaeolithic in southern Italy and eastern Europe, Journal of Vulcanology and Geothermal Research, 177, 208-226.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377027307003435

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.10.007

Abstract
Tephra layers from archaeological sites in southern Italy and eastern Europe stratigraphically associated with cultural levels containing Early Upper Palaeolithic industry were analysed. The results confirm the occurrence of the Campanian Ignimbrite tephra (CI; ca. 40 cal ka BP) at Castelcivita Cave (southern Italy), Temnata Cave (Bulgaria) and in the Kostenki–Borshchevo area of the Russian Plain. This tephra, originated from the largest eruption of the Phlegrean Field caldera, represents the widest volcanic deposit and one of the most important temporal/stratigraphic markers of western Eurasia. At Paglicci Cave and lesser sites in the Apulia region we recognise a chemically and texturally different tephra, which lithologically, chronologicallyand chemically matches the physical and chemical characteristics of the Plinian eruption of Codola; a poorlyknown Late Pleistocene explosive event from the Neapolitan volcanoes, likely Somma–Vesuvius. For this latter, we propose a preliminary age estimate of ca. 33 cal ka BP and a correlation to the widespread C-10 marine tephra of the central Mediterranean. The stratigraphic position of both CI and Codola tephra layers at Castelcivita and Paglicci help date the first and the last documented appearance of Early Upper Palaeolithic industries of southern Italy to ca. 41–40 and 33 cal ka BP, respectively, or between two interstadial oscillations of the Monticchio pollen record – to which the CI and Codola tephras are physically correlated –
corresponding to the Greenland interstadials 10–9 and 5. In eastern Europe, the stratigraphic and chronometric data seem to indicate an earlier appearance of the Early Upper Palaeolithic industries, which would predate of two millennia at least the overlying CI tephra. The tephrostratigraphic correlation indicates that in both regions the innovations connected with the so-called Early Upper Palaeolithic – encompassing subsistence strategy and stone tool technology – appeared and evolved during one of the most unstable climatic phases of the Last Glacial period. On this basis, the marked environmental unpredictability characterising this time-span is seen as a potential ecological factor involved in the cultural changes observed.

CARAMELLI D., MILANI L., VAI S., MODI A., PECCHIOLI E., GIRARDI M., PILLI E., LARI M., LIPPI B., RONCHITELLI A., MALLEGNI F., CASOLI A., BERTORELLE G., BARBUJANI G., 2008 – A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequenze Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences, PLoS ONE, 3-7, e2700, 1-5.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0002700

Abstract

Background: DNA sequences from ancient speciments may in fact result from undetected contamination of the ancient

specimens by modern DNA, and the problem is particularly challenging in studies of human fossils. Doubts on the

authenticity of the available sequences have so far hampered genetic comparisons between anatomically archaic

(Neandertal) and early modern (Cro-Magnoid) Europeans.

Methodology/Principal Findings: We typed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable region I in a 28,000 years old Cro-Magnoid individual from the Paglicci cave, in Italy (Paglicci 23) and in all the people who had contact with the sample since its discovery in 2003. The Paglicci 23 sequence, determined through the analysis of 152 clones, is the Cambridge reference sequence, and cannot possibly reflect contamination because it differs from all potentially contaminating modern sequences.

Conclusions/Significance: The Paglicci 23 individual carried a mtDNA sequence that is still common in Europe, and which radically differs from those of the almost contemporary Neandertals, demonstrating a genealogical continuity across 28,000 years, from Cro-Magnoid to modern Europeans. Because all potential sources of modern DNA contamination are known, the Paglicci 23 sample will offer a unique opportunity to get insight for the first time into the nuclear genes of early modern Europeans.

GALIBERTI A., PALMA DI CESNOLA A., FREGUGLIA M., PERRINI L., GIANNONI L., 2008 – Le industrie litiche dello strato 2 del riparo esterno di Paglicci nel saggio del 1971: lo studio tipologico, Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana, 97, 1-56.

https://www.academia.edu/11240503

Riassunto

Si presentano i risultati dello studio tecnologico e tipologico dell’industria (solo dei ritoccati) dello strato 2 del Riparo esterno di Grotta Paglicci, rinvenuta nel saggio di scavo del 1971. I materiali dei vari tagli artiiciali sono stati riuniti in tre livelli (A, B e C).

La materia prima più usata è la selce in noduli, ma anche in ciottoli e blocchi con tracce di rotolamento. I supporti sono soprattutto schegge generiche e schegge “a scarpata” talora aperta, spesso con cortice sul dorso, corte, di forma molto variabile, dimensione media di 35-36 cm e spessore moderato. Esse provengono soprattutto da un débitage “clactoniano” e in parte da un débitage “Quinson”; quello levallois è praticamente assente.

Domina sempre il ritocco semplice seguito dal soprelevato e dal piatto, stabile nei tre livelli al 12%; sono presenti ritocchi a direzione speciale cosiddetti “Quinson”. Dal punto di vista della struttura i tre complessi sono dominati dai Raschiatoi, seguono i Denticolati e poi i Foliati sotto forma di raschiatoi, e gli altri gruppi, fra cui Bulini e Grattatoi più numerosi nel livello C. Il livello C sembra distinguersi da A e da B, fra loro simili. In base ai dati della lista Bordes i tre complessi vengono riferiti all’area dello Charenziano Quina, caratterizzato però da alcuni elementi arcaici provenienti da un substrato tayaziano antico, presente in alcune regioni meridionali. I tre complessi vengono messi a confronto con quelli del deposito dell’avangrotta, con i quali esiste una forte somiglianza, sicuramente a livello di A e di B; e con quelli dello strato 1, che potrebbero essere considerati un fase preparatoria del Musteriano. Viene poi posto il problema della cronologia dei vari livelli, che ino a questo momento si appoggia solo sui dati delle faune, secondo le quali anche lo strato 1 sarebbe pre-würmiano.

ARRIGHI S., BORGIA V., D’ERRICO F., RONCHITELLI A., 2008 – I ciottoli decorati di Paglicci: raffigurazioni e utilizzo, Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche, LVIII, 39-58.

https://www.academia.edu/1170856

Abstract

In this paper we analyze nine pebbles (two of which are unpublished) coming from the mobiliary art assemblage of Paglicci cave (Foggia – Italy). The principals aims of the study are:

– To understand the production process of artistic incisions on the pebbles, through the study of the engravings, as the starting point for deciphering their symbolic and cognitive value. Every engraved stroke has in fact retained, at a microscopic level, important technological information and by means of experimental replication of the engravings, it has been possible to retrieve microscopic indexes which allow one to re-create the link between the result of the engraving, the tools used and the action performed. The importance of re-enacting the sequence of actions which led to the creation of the artistic object is given not only by the possibility to understand in depth the technique employed during such events, but, more importantly, by the possibility to test their cultural significance.

– To assess the cultural value of the artistic production, also through functional analysis. Engravings, different from cave art which has solely a symbolic value, are in this case carried out on artefacts used in every-day life. The identification of use-wear traces on such objects, or at least on those which possess the necessary characteristics to suggest their likely utilization, is undertaken in an attempt to find out whether such objects were used before and/or after they were engraved.

Within the technological study of engravings and the functional analysis of pebbles, the interpretation of the archaeological data has been possible thanks to the comparison with the data obtained through replication under controlled parameters. Technological analysis of the incisions has underlined the employment of various engraving tools, or at least various active edges of the same tool. Strokes are generally redone several times to make them readable.

Use-wear analysis has highlighted that the majority of pebbles has been used as retouchers or hammer stones (active percussion).

Three pieces show use-wear far from the edges denoting a function of these pebbles as anvil (passive percussion) or mallet (indirect percussion). In two cases the surface has been abraded after utilization and before the engravings. All pebbles have been used before being engraved. This observation may suggest that pebbles, at a certain moment, lost a functional value for a different one. The care employed in preparing and engraving pebbles after utilization denotes the will of using no longer these objects, even though their life continues, as polish following the incisions show.

PALMA DI CESNOLA A., 2007-2008 – Le industrie di Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico-FG): strati 9-8 (scavi A. Palma di Cesnola 1973-75), Rassegna di Archeologia, 23A, 11-54.

https://www.torrossa.com/it/resources/an/2648893

Riassunto

L’Autore premette che delle industrie degli strati 9 e 8, provenienti dagli scavi del Museo Civico di Verona degli anni 1961-63, sono già state oggetto di studio (col metodo Laplace 1964) e pubblicate da F. Mezzena ed A. Palma di Cesnola (MEZZENA-PALMA DI CESNOLA, 1967). L’attuale analisi (condotta con lo stesso metodo Laplace) delle industrie dei suddetti strati si basa invece sui risultati degli scavi effettuati successivamente (dal 1973 al 1975) dall’Università di Siena. Tali scavi, praticati con tecniche più moderne, hanno consentito la raccolta integrale del materiale archeologico, con recupero anche dei pezzi di dimensioni piccole e piccolissime (frammenti di punte e lame a dorso, di dorsi troncati, etc.), che erano in buona parte sfuggiti alla setacciatura un po’ sommaria delle campagne precedenti. Ciò ha permesso di fornire un’immagine non nuova, ma certo più completa e corretta, dell’Epigravettia­no evoluto degli strati 9 ed 8 di Paglicci. Peraltro il materiale raccolto nelle campagne di scavo degli anni ’70 è stato più copioso (1471 Tipi Primari nel 9, 1021 nell’8) di quello degli scavi precedenti. Esso, inoltre, viene qui analizzato con maggior dettaglio. Il lavoro termina col raffronto fra le industrie dello strato 9 e quelle dello strato 8.

Si è pervenuti alle seguenti conclusioni:

a livello delle strutture “essenziali” (sensu Laplace), passando dall’uno all’altro insieme industriale non si registrano mutamen­ti degni di nota. I Bulini restano in entrambi gli strati meno numerosi dei Grattatoi, le Famiglie dei RAD e del Substrato hanno valori poco differenti, i Foliati risultano estremamente rari. Una certa evoluzione si percepisce invece al livello delle strutture “elementari”, di alcuni indici e di alcuni Tipi Primari e Secondari caratteristici. Nello strato 8, nell’ambito dei Bulini, i tipi su ritocco predominano su quelli semplici; nei Grattatoi, le forme frontali subiscono un accorciamento sensibile e il sot­totipo “a scarpata”, presente ancora nel 9, scompare; le Punte a dorso divengono più numerose delle Lame a dorso ed i pezzi a cran sono eccezionali; i Dorsi Troncati subiscono un certo decremento ed il sottotipo “anomalo” (con troncatura sostituita da scagliature) è più rappresentato; le Punte sono più rare (in particolare le P2); in seno ai pezzi ad encoche, il sottotipo a incavo molto profondo (“D1pp”) risulterebbe assente. Lo strato 8 mostrerebbe dunque un certo impoverimento tipologico, soprattutto per quanto riguarda gli elementi della tradizione epigravettiana antica.

Il nostro studio si inserisce in un più ampio lavoro, con­cernente anche gli strati sottostanti (11 e 10) di Paglicci, che in base a recenti ricerche risultano appartenere egualmente all’Epigravettiano evoluto (Lami-Palma di Cesnola, 2005; Palma di Cesnola, 2007). Pertanto, il complesso degli strati 9 ed 8 rappresenterebbe la fase finale di questo periodo.

BOSCATO P., 2007 – Faunes gravettiennes à grands mammifères de l’Italie du Sud: Grotta della Cala (Salerno) et Grotta Paglicci (Foggia), Paleo, 19, 109-114.

https://journals.openedition.org/paleo/548

https://doi.org/10.4000/paleo.548

Abstract

Faunal remains related to two different environments have been recovered from gravettian layers of Grotta della Cala, in the Tyrrhenian coast of southern Italy, and from Grotta Paglicci, in the Adriatic side. Data from Grotta della Cala attest an hunting principally aimed at Deer, whose remains constitute 90 % of the total. Other ungulates have been recovered in much smaller quantities, with a dominance of Roe deer and Wild boar. Ungulates typical of open or mixed environments, like Horse, Aurochs and Ibex, are instead abundant in faunal assemblage from Grotta Paglicci, and their quantities change according to different cultural phases. Bones collected from these two sites probably belong to ungulates hunted in proportion to their availability. Therefore, taxa frequencies show the effects of climate changes on faunal associations and the wideness of habitats. In each of these two deposits, during the same chronological phases, environmental and climate conditions have produced different faunal presences which probably have influenced cultural and technological aspects of the respective gravettian peoples.

CREMASCHI M., FERRARO F., 2007 – The Upper Pleistocene in the Paglicci Cave (Gargano, Southern Italy): loess and tephra in the anthropogenic sequenze, Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, serie A, CXII, 153-164.

http://www.stsn.it/images/pdf/serA112/19%20Cremaschi-Ferraro.pdf

Abstract

Paglicci Cave (SE Italy) represents undoubtedly one of the reference cave sequences for Southern Italy, both for archaeological and palaeoenvironmental implications. The aim of the present paper is the study of the basal portion of the deposit (Interpleniglacial-first phases of Last Pleniglacial). For this purpose, standard sedimentological methods were applied, together with heavy mineral determination and micromorphology. In lower units, sediments result from transportation of weathered volcanic material from the surrounding areas, connected with the Vulture volcanic activity. At c. 34,000 y BP, Campanian Ignimbrite fresh pyroclastic material is recognised. Above this unit, glacial conditions predominate, as indicated by cryoclastic deposits. Beside gelifraction, arid phases of loess deposition are recognised. Loess exhibits the same mineralogical assemblage of Campanian Ignimbrite deposits, confirming the persistence of western winds in the area.

The Upper Pleistocene in the Paglicci Cave PDF

Crezzini J., 2007 – Studio sulla distribuzione delle tracce antropiche sui resti di ungulati del Gravettiano antico di Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico-Foggia): il trattamento delle frazioni distali degli arti di Bos primigenius, Annali dell’Università di Ferrara (Nuova Serie), Museologia scientifica e naturalistica, volume speciale “Atti I Convegno Nazionale degli Studenti di Antropologia, Preistoria e Protostoria, Ferrara 8-10 Maggio 2004” (a cura di U. Thun Hohenstein), 75-78.

https://www.academia.edu/2614419

Abstract

Taphonomic study of ungulate bones from two Ancient Gravettian levels of Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico – FG), 22f and 23c, has showed a large quantities of anthropic traces on bone surfaces related to exploitation of the carcasses through the use of lithic tools. Observation of marks distribution on every single identifiable skeletal element of ungulate has pointed out the high quantity of traces on carpals, tarsals, metapodial bones, sesamoides and phalanges of Bos primigenius. Experimentation carried out on the distal portions of cattle legs suggests, for this type of skeleton, the adoption of a probable chaîne opératoire. [Distribution analysis of the anthropic traces on Ungulates remains from the Ancient Gravettian of Grotta Paglicci (Rignano Garganico – FG): exploitation distal portions of Bos primigenius limbs.]